Max OS X Startup Key Sequences

I do not own a Mac (yet) but I do administrate some at work and have used this list a number of times. Macs dont have a bios per se but they do have keyboard shortcuts that can kick off various functions during boot. Ive used the T one to boot from an ipod once (I had to install Tiger on a machine that didnt have a DVD drive).
Ive found two lists, one for Mac and one for Mac Intel machines.
Mac [credit]

  • X during startup – Force Mac OS X startup
  • option – (eventually) brings up a screen with startup volume choices
  • Option-Command-Shift-Delete – Bypass primary startup volume and seek a different startup volume (such as a CD or external disk)
  • C – Start up from a CD that has a system folder
  • N – Attempt to start up from a compatible network server (NetBoot)
  • T – Start up in FireWire Target Disk mode (very handy for plugging your Mac into another as an external hard drive)
  • Shift – start up in Safe Boot mode and temporarily disable login items and non-essential kernel extension files (Mac OS X 10.2 and later)
  • Command-V – Start up in Verbose mode.
  • Command-S – Start up in Single-User mode
  • cmd-opt-p-r – Zap PRAM. Hold down until second chime.
  • cmd-opt-n-v – Clear NV RAM. Similar to reset-all in Open Firmware.
  • cmd-opt-o-f – Boot into open firmware
  • hold mouse click – force eject a CD/DVD
  • This site is also useful for other tech-type questions.

Mac Intel [credit]

  • Press C during startup Start up from a bootable CD or DVD, such as the Mac OS X Install disc that came with the computer.
  • Press D during startup Start up in Apple Hardware Test (AHT), if the Install DVD 1 is in the computer.
  • Press Option-Command-P-R until you hear two beeps. Reset NVRAM
  • Press Option during startup Starts into Startup Manager, where you can select a Mac OS X volume to start from. Note: Press N to make the the first bootable Network volume appear as well.
  • Press Eject, F12, or hold the mouse button Ejects any removable media, such as an optical disc.
  • Press N during startup Attempt to start up from a compatible network server (NetBoot).
  • Press T during startup Start up in FireWire Target Disk mode.
  • Press Shift during startup Start up in Safe Boot mode and temporarily disable login items.
  • Press Command-V during startup Start up in Verbose mode.
  • Press Command-S during startup Start up in Single-User mode.
  • Press Option-N during startup Start from a NetBoot server using the default boot image.